The presence of road lighting is associated with a reduction in the risk of road traffic collision at night, in particular those collisions resulting in serious or fatal injuries for vulnerable road users such as pedestrians and cyclists, and to some extent the risk further decreases with higher luminance (CIE 1992).

道路照明的存在能降低夜间道路交通事故的风险，尤其能减少导致行人、骑行者等弱势道路使用者重伤或死亡的事故，并且在一定程度上，风险会随着亮度的提高而进一步降低（CIE 1992）。

The presence of road and public area lighting is also associated with an increase in reassurance that it is safe to walk through or be in a space, and to some extent the reassurance further increases with higher luminance (CIE 2019). The improved reassurance from lighting can reduce the fear of danger expressed often especially by women, and can reduce social isolation of the elderly or those with limited visual or physical capabilities by making it more feasible to be out after dark. Lighting (whether road lighting or the illumination of building facades and landmarks) can make a space more inviting, encouraging the use of and social interactions within an area.

道路和公共区域照明的存在，也能增强人们在相关空间通行或停留时的安全感，并且在一定程度上，安全感会随着亮度的提高而进一步增强（CIE 2019）。照明带来的安全感提升，可以缓解人们（尤其是女性）常有的恐惧感，也能通过提高夜间出行可行性，减轻老年人或其他视觉、行动能力受限者的社会孤立感。照明（无论是道路照明、建筑立面照明还是地标照明）能让空间更具吸引力，从而鼓励人们使用该区域，并促进其中的社交互动。

■ Adverse effects of light at night 夜间照明的不利影响

This Position Statement describes how light at the wrong time and in the wrong place leads to adverse health effects, extending the advice given in the CIE Position Statement on Integrative Lighting (CIE 2024). In an appropriate design, illumination levels directly near road and public area lighting are intended to support human activities, but the resulting illumination penetrating into domestic interior spaces through windows should not have a level that suppresses melatonin production.

本声明阐述了在不恰当的时间和地点使用光照将如何对健康造成不良影响，这是对《CIE综合照明立场声明》（CIE 2024）中相关建议的拓展。在合理的设计中，紧邻道路及公共区域照明的照度水平应能适配人类活动需求，但由此透射进室内居住空间的照度，不应达到抑制褪黑素分泌的水平。

It is important to note that in addition to melatonin suppression, the nuisance from glare, motion, saturated colours and changing illumination levels can also be disruptive to sleep. Adverse effects can be particularly significant when the light is dynamic, such as some advertising panels.

值得注意的是，除抑制褪黑素外，眩光、动态闪烁、饱和色及照度变化带来的不适感，也可能干扰睡眠。当照明具有动态特性时（如部分广告屏），其不利影响可能尤为显著。

■ Mitigation of the adverse effects of light at night夜间照明不利影响的缓解措施

Adverse effects of light at night can be mitigated (whilst not entirely removed) by careful design using suitable products. It is important to understand what light is needed and when. Spaces have a rhythm: daily, weekly, throughout the seasons and throughout the years. A good approach is to light according to the rhythm of use and not simply to light the space without considering how it is used.

通过选用适宜的产品与精细化的设计，可有效缓解（虽无法彻底根除）夜间光照带来的不利影响。关键在于明晰“何时光照”及“何种光照”是必要的。空间具有其内在的节律：它随日夜更替、周次循环，乃至四季流转与岁月变迁而变化。因此，理想的策略应是顺应空间使用的节律进行布光，而非罔顾具体的空间使用方式，单纯地照亮空间。

Lighting design should be undertaken with respect to the capabilities of the human visual system. When the illumination is non-uniform, the observer’s adaptation level is raised in areas of relatively high light levels, making it harder to see details in the dark patch(es) beyond. When the illumination is very uniform, the adaptation level is (more or less) maintained as an observer passes through. Therefore, a good-quality lighting design is more likely to achieve its intended outcomes, possibly at lower overall average illumination levels.

照明设计应充分考量人类视觉系统的生理特性。当照明分布不均时，观察者在相对高亮度区域的适应水平会提升，致使其难以看清周边暗区中的细节。反之，若照明高度均匀，观察者穿行其间时，其视觉适应水平便能基本保持稳定。因此，优质的照明设计往往能以更低的整体平均照度，更有效地达成预期的照明目标。

■ CIE强调，夜间照明应在保障人类安全与活动需求的同时，最大限度减少对健康、生态与文化的负面影响。未来将通过科学研究与技术发展，推动更可持续的照明实践。需进一步开展研究，以更深入地理解夜间人工光对物种与生态系统的影响，并开发更优的对于干扰光与天空辉光的测量方法。

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